Impact of Low-Level Blast Exposure from Military Training and Career Cumulation on Hearing Outcomes

Try this first

With almost all modern browsers you can hold down the "Ctrl" key on your keyboard ("Command" key on a Macintosh) and press the + (plus) key to increase the text size or - (minus) key to reduce the text size.

If that doesn't work...

In the menu bar of your browser window, click on "View," and select "Text Size." Choose the "Larger" to "Smaller" font size choices until you can easily read the web page.

The Web Accessibility Initiative site provides instructions for other browsers and operating systems.

YOU ARE ACCESSING A U.S. GOVERNMENT (USG) INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) THAT IS PROVIDED FOR USG-AUTHORIZED USE ONLY.

By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions:

The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.

At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS.

Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose.

This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests--not for your personal benefit or privacy.

Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details.

I Accept

The appearance of external hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command of the linked web sites, or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) sites, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations.

All links are provided consistent with the mission of this Web site.

The BIRCO website is provided as a public service by the Blast Injury Research Coordinating Office.

Information presented on this service not identified as protected by copyright is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline, photo, and image credits is requested.

For site management, information is collected for statistical purposes. This U.S. Government computer system uses software programs to create summary statistics, which are used for such purposes as assessing what information is of most and least interest, determining technical design specifications, and identifying system performance or problem areas. Below is an example of the information collected based on a standard request for a World Wide Web document:

• xxx.yyy.com (or 123.123.23.12) -- this is the host name (or Internet protocol (IP) address) associated with the requester (you as the visitor). In this case, the requester is coming from the xxx.yyy.net address. Depending on the requester's method of network connection, the host name (or IP address) may or may not identify the user's specific computer. Connections via many Internet Service Providers (ISP) assign different IP addresses for each session, or only connect to the Internet via proxy servers, so the host name may only identify the ISP. The host name (or IP address) may identify a specific computer if that computer has a fixed IP address.
• [28/Jan/2008:00:00:01 -0500] -- this is the date and time of the request
• "GET /Defense/news/nr012708.html HTTP/1.0" -- this is the location of the requested file
• 200 -- this is the status code - 200 is OK - the request was filled
• 16704 -- this is the size of the requested file in bytes
• Mozilla 3.0 -- this identifies the type of browser software used to access the page, which indicates what design parameters to use in constructing the pages
• www.google.com -- this indicates the last site the person visited, which indicates how people find the requested file.

Requests for other types of documents use similar information. Unless otherwise stated, no personally-identifiable information is collected.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, software programs are employed to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage.

Except for authorized law enforcement investigations and national security purposes, no other attempts are made to identify individual users or their usage habits beyond DoD websites. Raw data logs are used for no other purposes and are scheduled for regular destruction in accordance with National Archives and Records Administration Guidelines*. All data collection activities are in strict accordance with DoD Directive 5240.01.

Web measurement and customization technologies (WMCT) may be used on this site to remember your online interactions, to conduct measurement and analysis of usage, or to customize your experience. The Department of Defense does not use the information associated with WMCT to track individual user activity on the Internet outside of Defense Department websites, nor does it share the data obtained through such technologies, without your explicit consent, with other departments or agencies. The Department of Defense does not keep a database of information obtained from the use of WMCT. General instructions for how you may opt out of some of the most commonly used WMCT is available at http://www.usa.gov/optout_instructions.shtml.

Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this site are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1987 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act (18 U.S.C. § 1030).

If you have any questions or comments about the information presented here, please forward them to our webmaster at USArmy.Detrick.USAMRDC.List.Webmaster@health.mil.

Use of Third-Party Tracking Service

This website uses the Google Analytics third-party tracking service to monitor site usage and trends. We use the information compiled by Google Analytics to help us make our site more useful to you. Through this service, we are able to monitor the number of visitors to the site, which features/pages are most popular, the general location (region/country/city) of site visitors, and visitors' web browser type and version. These metrics are not tied to any specific site visitor, but are instead used for aggregate visit analysis.

Google Analytics utilizes web browser "cookies" to track non-personally identifiable information about visitors. You may decline Google's cookies by setting your web browser's preferences to disallow third-party cookies. If you choose to allow the usage of third-party cookies, Google will use them to collect general information about your visit (including your IP address, pages visited, and documents downloaded), which they will store on their servers in the United States. Google's general privacy policy is available on the Google Privacy Policy page. Additional information about Google Analytics data collection and usage is available on the Google Analytics Privacy Policy page.