US Department of Defense
BLAST INJURY RESEARCH
COORDINATING OFFICE
Advancing Blast Injury Research to Protect and Heal Those Who Serve

Research Highlights

Each month the US Department of Defense (DoD) Blast Injury Research Coordinating Office (BIRCO) highlights an accomplishment from the DoD Blast Injury Research Program's key program areas: Injury Prevention, Acute Treatment, and Reset. These highlights include new publications and products that add to the knowledge base for blast injury research, or novel strategies for preventing blast injury and enabling injured Service Members to return to duty and maintain an active lifestyle.

  • FY25 Research Highlights
    • November 2024: Blast Overpressure Exposure in Military Breachers Contributes to Leaky Gut
      Military servicemembers upon exposure to blast overpressure (BOP) during training and combat develop leaky gut linked to decreased cognitive function. Read more...
  • FY23 Research Highlights
    • October 2022: Cumulative Blast Exposure Estimate Model for Special Operations Forces Combat Soldiers
      In a recent study, researchers established blast exposure estimates during routine occupation training to advance occupational blast exposure monitoring and neurological deficits reported by Special Operations Forces members. Read more...
    • November 2022: A Biomechanical-Based Approach to Scale Blast-Induced Molecular Changes in the Brain
      U.S. Army Researchers developed a two-step approach to translate blast-induced physical and molecular changes in the rat brain to the human brain, leveraging a combination of experimental and mathematical methods. Read more...
    • December 2022: Tourniquet use following blast-related lower limb injury promotes organ dysfunction and heterotopic ossification
      In a recent study, researchers showed that extended tourniquet use in a blast-related complex lower limb injury can affect the patient's response in ways that should be considered for subsequent treatment. Read more...
    • January 2023: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Time - and Sex-Dependent Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Stroke Vulnerability
      The response of individuals with blast-related TBI to a stroke was explored using a mouse model, showing that vascular dysfunction due to mTBI persists to four (4) weeks in female mice but not in males. Read more...
    • February 2023: Simulating Traumatic Brain Injury In Vitro: Developing High Throughput Models to Test Biomaterial Based Therapies
      This review shows the array of current model systems that have been developed to study tissue-level regenerative therapies for traumatic and penetrating brain injuries. Read more...
    • March 2023: Mathematical Model of Mechanobiology of Acute and Repeated Synaptic Injury and Systemic Biomarker Kinetics
      To address the increased hazard of repeated loads on the brain, researchers developed a model of cell adhesion molecules kinetics on synapses in the brain that accounts for detachment and rebinding due to mechanical stretch. Read more...
    • April 2023: The Beirut ammonium nitrate blast: A multicenter study to assess injury characteristics and outcomes
      On August 4, 2020, a massive explosion devastated Beirut's city port infrastructure and caused hundreds of casualties. The tragic consequences can offer information to disaster planning processes for other cities, and the difficulties encountered could indicate ways to improve readiness. Read more...
  • FY22 Research Highlights
    • October 2021: Preventing Foot Injury from Underbody Blast
      Researchers have developed a computational model that assesses injury risk curves to prevent foot injuries from underbody blasts. Read more...
    • November 2021: Serious Inhalation Injuries: Early Intervention to Improve Outcomes
      Researchers examined serious inhalation injuries from recent military operations, focusing on previous literature, current examination techniques, and clinical outcomes. Read more...
    • December 2021: Correlation Between Visible Perivascular Space and Sleep Disturbances After Mild TBI
      Researchers study the underlying mechanisms that link mTBIs, poor sleep, and perivascular space burden in a group of Veterans. Read more...
    • January 2022: Augmented Reality Meets Tactical Combat Casualty Care
      Anatomical avatars of Service members guide medical caregivers in treating blast-related injuries in austere environments. Read more...
    • February 2022: 3D Finite Element Modeling of Blast Wave Transmission from External Ear to Cochlea
      Researchers use a three-dimensional finite element model to study blast-related overpressure transmission from the external ear to the spiral cochlea. Read more...
    • March 2022: Fixational Eye Movements Following Concussion
      Measuring fixational eye movements in those with and without concussions to identify ocular impairments. Read more...
    • May 2022: Evacuation Strategies for Casualties with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) with and without Polytrauma
      Secondary analysis yields preliminary insights on evacuation strategies for combat casualties with traumatic brain injury with and without polytrauma. Read more...
    • June 2022: Interface Astrogliosis in Contact Sports Head Impacts and Military Blast Exposure
      Researchers explore the role of astrocytes in mediating damage sustained during blast injuries. Read more...
    • July 2022: Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program's Combat-Related Extremity Wound Infection Research
      Researchers evaluated combat-related extremity wound infection studies including the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study and the Trauma-Associated Osteomyelitis studies. Read more...
    • August 2022: Surgical Reconstruction to Restore Eyelid Function and Reflexes after Projectile and Blast Injuries
      Researchers examined the outcomes of surgical reconstructive methods to restore eyelid function and reflexes after significant damage to the face. Read more...
    • September 2022: Relationship Between Headache Characteristics and a Remote History of TBI in Veterans: A 10-Year Retrospective Chart Review
      The association of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries, longer periods of alteration to consciousness, and sub-concussive exposure with headache outcomes. Read more...
  • FY21 Research Highlights
    • October 2020: Shock Index as a Guide for the Use of Blood Products
      In resource-constrained settings, decision support tools that can be run quickly with only basic medical equipment are needed to determine whether injured Service members need a large volume of blood products. Read more...
    • November 2020: Auditory and Cognitive Health Consequences of TBI and Blast Exposure in Service Members and Veterans
      Clinical and self-reported assessments of impaired auditory and cognitive function highlight the chronic effects of TBI and blast exposure. Read more...
    • December 2020: Impact of Repeated Blast Exposure on Lung Function, Pathology, and Behavioral Changes
      Researchers developed injury risk curves to assess both the physical and behavioral outcomes associated with repeated low-level blast exposures to the lung. Read more...
    • January 2021: Epidemiology of Blast Neurotrauma: A Meta-Analysis of Blast Injury Patterns in the Military and Civilian Populations
      Blast injuries from terrorism bombings impact different body regions among military and civilian populations and have varied associated risks of mortality. Read more...
    • February 2021: An Observational Study of the Impact of Mild TBI on Health Care Services, Costs, and Diagnoses
      Investigation of comorbid diagnoses, healthcare utilization, and cost difference between blast-related and unrelated TBI. Read more...
    • March 2021: Toward a Better Understanding of TBI in Women
      Studies suggest that women may experience TBI differently than men, but women are not well represented in TBI research. Experts have several recommendations for research strategies to gain a better understanding of TBI in women. Read more...
    • April 2021: Shock Wave Physics as Related to Primary Non-Impact Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
      Researchers utilize knowledge of shock wave physics and blast overpressure to explore outcomes of blast-induced TBI in mice. Read more...
    • May 2021: Blast-Related Hearing Loss: Findings on Prevention and Protection
      A new study highlights the benefit of using both ear and head protection to prevent blast-related hearing loss in military personnel. Read more...
    • June 2021: Impact of Low-Level Occupational Overpressure on Military and Law Enforcement Personnel
      Researchers investigate serum biomarkers from cohorts regularly exposed to repetitive, low-level occupational overpressure. Read more...
    • July 2021: Studying the Delayed Effects of Blast Exposure on Brain Health
      Research suggests that military blast exposure-induced hippocampal synaptopathy elevates the risk of developing persistent neurological symptoms. Read more...
    • August 2021: Consistent Terminology Facilitates Cross-Disciplinary Blast Research
      To address a lack of consistent terminology, researchers offer new conceptualization of high-level and low-level blast exposure. Read more...
    • September 2021: Visual Disturbances Associated with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury
      Researchers examined chronic traumatic brain injury and visual disturbances, finding a novel association between mild traumatic brain injury and nearsightedness. Read more...
  • FY20 Research Highlights
    • October 2019: Researchers characterize a model of aberrant bone growth after blast trauma to facilitate studies of prevention and treatment strategies
      Bone development where it should not occur is a common complication after blast trauma and a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events leading to this outcome is needed to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Read more...
    • November 2019: Analysis of skin damage expected from radiological exposure
      Researchers characterize the acute and chronic effects that radiation from nuclear weapons and dirty bombs may have on the skin. Read more...
    • January 2020: A Pilot Study Assessing How Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Can Help Treat Tinnitus
      Researchers are studying the impact of "mindfulness" meditation on patients' psychological distress from tinnitus. Read more...
    • February 2020: Early Patching Improves Blast-induced Ear Drum Rupture Outcomes
      Researchers investigate to see if a simple ear drum closure procedure could preserve hearing and reduce infection in victims of blast-induced tympanic membrane perforation. Read more...
    • March 2020: Repetitive low-level blast exposure increases Service members' risk of deployment-related mild traumatic brain injury
      Service members who experience repeated low-level overpressure due to their military occupation may have a higher likelihood of developing future deployment-related mTBI. Read more...
    • April 2020: Distance and pressure characteristics of blast events predict risk of TBI
      A new assessment tool uses interviews to characterize Service members' blast exposure and TBI risk. Read more...
    • May 2020: Prevalence and mortality of inhalation injury in burn patients
      A systematic review of the frequency and hazard of inhalation injuries in hospitalized burn patients Read more...
    • June 2020: Optimizing Surgical Reconstruction of Combat-Related Craniofacial Injuries
      Life-altering injuries to the head can be rehabilitated with early reconstructive surgery. Read more...
    • July 2020: Determining the Risk of Spinal Blast Injuries to Military Personnel in Combat Vehicles
      Modeling military lumbar spinal column injuries in Service members during vehicle underbody blast events. Read more...
    • August 2020: Investigating Blast-Related Pelvic Injuries and Associations with Mortality
      Pelvic blast injury data is vital to the optimization of emergency care protocols and to the understanding of injury mechanisms to inform better protection strategies. Read more...
    • September 2020: Informing Readiness by Studying Combat Casualties since WWII
      A commitment to readiness means striving for continuous evidence-based learning and process improvement. To inform readiness efforts, researchers collected and analyzed casualty data from WWII through the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Read more...
  • FY19 Research Highlights
    • October 2018: University of California Group Makes a Leap Towards a Clinically Available Source of Spinal Injury Repair Material
      Components for a promising new technology could help Veterans paralyzed by blast injuries regain some motion. (H Kumamaru, 2018) In animal models, this therapy shows physical repair, and some functional repair, of substantial damage to the corticospinal tract (CST), the column of neurons within the spinal cord that is the most important among spinal tracts for voluntary movement. Read more...
    • November 2018: Medical Management of Blast Injury Victims Exposed To Radioactive Material
      Explosive weapons are detonated in various scenarios, and victims include U.S. Service members, adversarial forces, and civilians. Researchers from the Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology in Munich, Germany, provide the recommended medical management of victims of dirty bomb attacks in a recent article in Military Medical Research. Read more...
    • December 2018: Functional and Structural Consequences of Primary Blast Overpressure to the Eye
      This nonclinical collaborative study characterized structural and functional changes in the retina and associated visual impairments that occur in the chronic phase after blast injury. Read more...
    • January 2019: Clinical Practice Guideline for Aural Blast Injury or Traumatic Hearing Loss
      The DoD Hearing Center of Excellence releases an updated Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline (JTS CPG) titled "Aural Blast Injury/Acoustic Trauma and Hearing Loss" Read more...
    • February 2019: Pelvic Injuries in Mounted and Dismounted Blast Casualties
      While protective equipment and armor may have reduced fatalities in recent years, little is known about the differential impact of these explosions on mounted or dismounted blast causalities. Read more...
    • March 2019: Early Clinical Measures May Predict Mild TBI Long-Term Health Outcomes
      The University of Washington, Seattle conducted a longitudinal, prospective study to determine the long-term effects of blast-related mild TBI on non-medically evacuated Service members and identified predictors of future clinical outcomes. Read more...
    • April 2019: Exacerbating Factors of Deployment-Related Tinnitus in U.S. Marines
      Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is the number one disability within the U.S. Veterans Administration. Read more...
    • May 2019: Biomaterials-Based Drug Delivery Shortens Recovery Time and Reduces Scarring from Burn Injuries
      Researchers have developed a potential drug therapy that may hasten healing time and reduce scarring in Service members recovering from burns associated with blast injury. Read more...
    • June 2019: Characterizing the Anatomy of Complex Tissue Regeneration in Mice
      Researchers from Texas A&M University compared the anatomy of normal and regenerated digit tips using mice. Characterizing normal processes of tissue regeneration provides valuable information for development of regenerative medicine therapies. Read more...
    • July 2019: Factors Influencing Infection after Combat-Related Extremity Trauma
      Researchers with the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (TIDOS) investigated the factors associated with the risk of infection. Read more...
    • August 2019: Oxidative Stress Influences Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Exposure to Blast Overpressure
      Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier has been shown to be influenced by oxidative stress after blunt impact, but this relationship is not established in models of blast overpressure exposure. A team from the New Jersey Institute of Technology recently investigated this association... Read more...
    • September 2019: Pathogenesis of blast-induced optic neuropathy
      Trauma to, and degeneration of, the optic nerve causes a chronic condition characterized by severe vision loss, known as traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). The research team examined how this degeneration might affect vision to ultimately lead to new diagnostics and treatments for Soldiers suffering from vision loss. Read more...
  • FY18 Research Highlights
    • October 2017: Cognitive Processing of Sound in Veterans with Blast Exposure
      Researchers at Boston University present findings suggesting that communication problems reported by Veterans who have difficulty following conversations in noisy settings cannot simply be explained by compromised auditory sensory processing components of the ear, but may rather be explained by blast-induced damage to cortical networks associated with the control of attention. Read more...
    • November 2017: Amputation or Surgical Reconstruction?
      Because of recent surgical advances, lower extremity injuries that once required lower limb amputation are now routinely managed with limb reconstruction surgery. To evaluate the long term outcomes of this treatment option, researchers at the Center for the Intrepid at Brooke Army Medical Center compared lower extremity biomechanics during walking between individuals with lower limb reconstruction or amputation. Read more...
    • December 2017: Benefits of Canine Companionship in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
      Anecdotal data suggest that canine companionship has numerous health benefits. Researchers at the National Center for PTSD at the Department of Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System objectively demonstrate the positive impact of canine companionship on attentional bias in Veterans diagnosed with chronic, severe PTSD. Read more...
    • January 2018: Transcriptomics as Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury
      The lack of consistently identifiable symptoms for traumatic brain injury (TBI) has created a need for more effective, minimally invasive, and reliable techniques to identify and diagnose TBI. Transcriptomic analyses of hair follicles after a blast injury demonstrates the potential for identifying TBI, and may be correlated to the specific exposure circumstances. Read more...
    • February 2018: Auditory Rehabilitation for Blast-Exposed Veterans
      Many Service members and Veterans who have been exposed to blast-related events demonstrate various auditory deficits. Researchers at the National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research compared the effectiveness of communication strategies education, use of a personal frequency modulation system, and use of an auditory training program for improving behavioral and self-reported hearing difficulties in a population of blast-exposed Veterans. Read more...
    • March 2018: Sensory Sensitivity in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
      Most Service members who experience a combat-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) will make a complete recovery; however, a portion of these Service members continue to report chronic postconcussive symptoms for years following the initial TBI. Researchers at the VA Portland Health Care System are working to tease apart the complex interactions between TBI, sensory sensitivity, and psychological distress. Read more...
    • April 2018: Balancing Brainwaves to Alleviate PTSD Symptoms
      This was the first study to report increases in autonomic cardiovascular measures following use of an intervention for Service member or veterans with PTSD. Service members or recent veterans also showed reduction in PTSD symptomology through the 6 months following use of HIRREM. Read more...
    • May 2018: Characterizing Lower Extremity Blast Injury
      This study from Centre for Blast Injury Studies is the largest analysis of combat-related traumatic amputations to date and sheds new light on this injury pattern, its characteristics, and ways to improve survivability. Read more...
    • June 2018: Epidemiology of Trauma-related Infections among Combat Casualties
      Results from the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (TIDOS) cohort sheds new light on short- and long-term infectious complications following combat trauma. Read more...
    • July 2018: Effects of Blast Overpressure on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability: Implications for Traumatic Brain Injury
      This study from NJIT sheds new light on the temporal and spatial changes in blood-brain barrier permeability as a function of blast overpressure in blast TBI. Read more...
    • August 2018: Investigating Mechanisms of Blast Injury
      This article from CBIS suggests several key messages for those planning and conducting research to better understand blast-related injuries. Read more...
    • September 2018: What other injuries are associated with blast-related, dismounted single-leg amputation?
      This article analyses the pattern of injuries associated with lower limb amputation in Service members exposed to improvised explosive devices while on foot patrols Read more...
  • FY17 Research Highlights
    • March 2017: Novel Smart Catheter for Multimodal Monitoring of the Head-Injured Warrior
      While traumatic brain injury remains a grave threat to Service Members due to explosions, the ability to effectively and safely monitor the physiology of the brain is imperative in managing treatment and preventing secondary injuries. Researchers from the University of Cincinnati and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research have developed a novel multimodality neuromonitoring catheter that will improve the understanding of explosive blast neurotrauma, enhancing the care of critically brain-injured Service Members. Read more...
    • April 2017: Enhanced Cognitive Rehabilitation to Treat Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
      Researchers at the VA Medical Center in San Diego have developed a hybrid training program, known as SMART-CPT, aimed at addressing the cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) while simultaneously treating the neurobehavioral symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By taking into account the complex interplay between PTSD and TBI, this hybrid treatment has the potential to effectively treat Service Members and Veterans with comorbid PTSD and TBI as opposed to treating each disorder independently. Read more...
    • May 2017: A Dragon's Quest To Stop Infection
      Researchers have identified novel antimicrobial peptides from Komodo dragon blood which show promise as alternatives to traditional antibiotics and may be effective in treating drug-resistant infections across both military and civilian settings. Read more...
    • June 2017: A Systematic Review of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes
      Researchers have noted comparable clinical and functional outcomes in Service Members and Veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI), regardless of their blast exposure; however, many questions remain unanswered. Read more...
    • July 2017: Protein Biomarkers to Detect Heterotopic Ossification
      In recent years, heterotopic ossification (HO) has become an increasingly significant problem facing Service Members who have survived combat-related blast injuries including amputation. Using recent advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry, researchers at Daemen College have identified potential protein biomarkers associated with the development of HO. Read more...
    • August 2017: Surgical Technique to Treat Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage
      Researchers demonstrate that resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), a surgical technique to treat noncompressible torso hemorrhage, can be effectively performed in simulated battlefield conditions. Read more...
    • September 2017: Art Therapy to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
      "Man is least himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask and he will tell you the truth" (Oscar Wilde). Researchers discuss common themes that appear throughout masks created by Service Members during art therapy sessions as part of an interdisciplinary outpatient program at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence (NICoE) ranging from mourning the loss of past relationships to the use of cultural metaphors to represent experienced emotions. Read more...
Last modified: 01-Nov-2024